Inferior Alveolar Nerve Repositioning With the Computer-Aided Design in Hemimandibular Hyperplasia.

A 34-year-old man presented with facial asymmetry and was diagnosed with left-sided hemimandibular hyperplasia. Orthognathic surgery and mandibular angle osteotomy combined with inferior alveolar nerve repositioning were performed with computer-aided design. The facial asymmetry was successfully corrected with acceptable cosmetic results. Inferior alveolar nerve repositioning provided sufficient space for the osteotomy of the affected side with the abnormal mandibular canal. Inferior alveolar nerve repositioning with computer-aided design can be used as an effective and reliable technique for hemimandibular hyperplasia.

Characterization of translocon proteins in the type III secretion system of Lawsonia intracellularis.

Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of proliferative enteropathy (PE), is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium possessing a type III secretion system (T3SS), which enables the pathogen to translocate effector proteins into targeted host cells to modulate their functions. T3SS is a syringe-like apparatus consisting of a base, an extracellular needle, a tip, and a translocon. The translocon proteins assembled by two hydrophobic membrane proteins can form pores in the host-cell membrane, and therefore play an essential role in the function of T3SS. To date, little is known about the T3SS and translocon proteins of L. intracellularis. In this study, we first analyzed the conservation of the T3S apparatus between L. intracellularis and Yersinia, and characterized the putative T3S hydrophobic major translocon protein LI1158 and minor translocon protein LI1159 in the L. intracellularis genome. Then, by using Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a surrogate system, we found that the full-length LI1158 and LI1159 proteins, but not the putative class II chaperone LI1157, were secreted in a - Ca2+ and T3SS-dependent manner and the secretion signal was located at the N terminus (aa 1-40). Furthermore, yeast-two hybrid experiments revealed that LI1158 and LI1159 could self-interact, and LI1159 could interact with LI1157. However, unlike CPn0809 and YopB, which are the major hydrophobic translocon proteins of the T3SS of C. pneumoniae and Yersinia, respectively, full-length LI1158 was non-toxic to both yeast and Escherichia coli cells, but full-length LI1159 showed certain toxicity to E. coli cells. Taken together, despite some differences from the findings in other bacteria, our results demonstrate that LI1158 and LI1159 may be the translocon proteins of L. intracellularis T3SS, and probably play important roles in the translocation of effector proteins at the early pathogen infection stage.

Fabrication of Heterostructural FeNi3 -Loaded Perovskite Catalysts by Rapid Plasma for Highly Efficient Photothermal Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction.

Metal-semiconductor heterostructured catalysts have attracted great attention because of their unique interfacial characteristics and superior catalytic performance. Exsolution of nanoparticles is one of the effective and simple ways for in-situ growth of metal nanoparticles embedded in oxide surfaces and their favorable dispersion and stability. However, both high-temperature and a reducing atmosphere are required simultaneously in conventional exsolution, which is time-consuming and costly, and particles often agglomerate during the process. In this work, Ca0.9 Ti0.8 Ni0.1 Fe0.1 O3-δ (CTNF) is exposed to dielectric blocking discharge (DBD) plasma at room temperature to fabricate alloying FeNi3 nanoparticles from CTNF perovskite. FeNi3 -CTNF has outstanding catalytic activity for photothermal reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS). At 350 °C under full-spectrum irradiation, the carbon monoxide (CO) yield of FeNi3 -CTNF (10.78 mmol g-1 h-1 ) is 11 times that of pure CaTiO3 (CTO), and the CO selectivity is 98.9%. This superior catalytic activity is attributed to the narrow band gap, photogenerated electron migration to alloy particles, and abundant surface oxygen vacancies. The carbene pathway reaction is also investigated through in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The present work presents a straightforward method for the exsolution of nanoalloys in metal-semiconductor heterostructures for photothermal CO2 reduction.

A Novel Technique for Resection and Reconstruction of the Temporomandibular Joint by Sliding Vertical Ramus Osteotomy using Only Submandibular Approach.

In this paper, an innovative technique for resection and reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint by sliding vertical ramus osteotomy using only a submandibular approach is presented. Before pulling the posterior mandibular border slightly downward to expose parts of the condyle, the vertical ramus osteotomy was performed. With the help of 3D simulation and surgical templates, the condylectomy was carried out using the ultrasonic osteotome through the submandibular approach. Our technique achieved the desired results while preventing complications of facial nerve paralysis, the occurrence of Frey syndrome, and the preauricular scar. Therefore, we suggest that this surgical method represents an alternative treatment option for temporomandibular joint lesions.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Cultivation and Treatment of Liver Diseases.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as effective for treating various diseases. Among the types of MSCs, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been widely studied because of their advantages in non-invasive damage to donors and the wide range of sources. MAIN BODY: This article reviews three aspects of hUC-MSCs. Foremost are the latest advances in the cultivation and preparation methods of hUC-MSCs. Furthermore, the treatments mechanism of hUCMSCs in organ transplantation and liver diseases. Finally, a summary of their use in clinical trials in liver diseases. The first part of this paper emphasizes the differences between the selection area and culture factors, including the separation method, long-term culturing in vitro, medium composition, serum, and three-dimensional (3D) skeleton system training, which could affect the characteristics of hUC-MSCs and the treatment of diseases. The second section mainly stresses the mechanisms of hUC-MSCs in the treatment of diseases, including immunoregulation and transdifferentiation into hepatocyte-like cells. Many new technologies mark and track cells in vivo and their safety. Briefly mention its role in the treatment of other diseases and vaccine preparation. In the third part, to accelerate the application of hUC-MSCs in the treatment of clinical diseases, it is necessary to expand the sample size of clinical trials to ensure their safety in the human body and determine the most effective infusion method and volume. CONCLUSION: hUC-MSCs have a substantial potential to become a more effective treatment for liver diseases. Clinical trials and mechanisms have laid the foundation for the normalization of clinical hUC-MSCs delivery.

Interfacial electron transfer in heterojunction nanofibers for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical to the progress of electrochemical devices for clean energy conversion and storage. Although heterogeneous electrocatalysts have superior activity, it is a great challenge to elucidate electron transfer at surface catalytic sites and intrinsic mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate a new type of heterostructure electrocatalyst in which Sr0.9Ce0.05Fe0.95Ru0.05O3 fibers are hybridized with in situ grown RuO2 nanoparticles (SCFR-RuO2). We investigate its unique structure, electron transfer mechanisms related to the highly OER activity by combining experimental and theoretical calculations. Remarkably, SCFR-RuO2 shows an optimized OER overpotential of 295 mV at 10 mA cm-2. The promoted electron transfer and OER kinetics are ascribed to the coupling of electronic effects at the SCFR-RuO2 heterostructure. A strong triangular relationship among overpotential-Tafel slope-work function is proposed to be a potential descriptor of OER activity in SCFR-RuO2. These insights provide guidelines for tuning the OER performance via modified work functions in perovskite electrocatalysts.

Parallel micro-LED arrays with a high modulation bandwidth for a visible light communication.

Over the past few decades, GaN-based LEDs have been widely used in solid-state lighting (SSL) due to their energy-saving and long-lifetime characteristics. However, the limited modulation bandwidth of conventional commercial LED chips limits their application in a high-speed visible light communication (VLC) system. Herein, this work designs vertical parallel micro-LED arrays with different array numbers to develop LED sources for communication and lighting. The as-prepared micro-LEDs in a 2 × 2 array reveal a high modulation bandwidth of ∼785 MHz at 6.67 kA/cm2. Meanwhile, the light output power is over 7 mW, which is more suitable for VLC in free space.

Lawsonia intracellularis LI0666 is a new EPIYA effector exported by the Yersinia enterocolitica type III secretion system.

Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy. While it harbors genes encoding the entire apparatus required for the type III secretion system (T3SS) and the expression of some of these components has been detected during experimental infection, the identification of L. intracellularis T3SS substrates (effector proteins) has been hampered. The Yersinia T3SS and yeast growth inhibition assays are two important heterologous systems used for the characterization of effector proteins. Bacterial EPIYA effectors are a distinct class of bacterial effectors defined by the presence of EPIYA or the EPIYA-related motif. When delivered into host cells via a T3SS or type IV secretion system, these effectors undergo tyrosine phosphorylation of the EPIYA motif, which enables them to manipulate host cell signaling by promiscuously interacting with multiple SH2 domain-containing proteins. A previous study showed that L. intracellularis LI0666 contains two EPIYA motifs and speculated that this protein could be a T3SS effector. In this study, we show that LI0666 is secreted by Yersinia in a T3SS-dependent manner and inhibits yeast growth. LI0666 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in porcine intestinal epithelial cells and in human epithelial cells. Like the archetypal EPIYA effector CagA, the EPIYA-containing region is not required for LI0666 association with yeast and mammalian cell membranes. Our results indicate that LI0666 is an authentic bacterial EPIYA effector. Identification of the tyrosine kinases that are responsible for LI0666 phosphorylation and the SH2 domain-containing host proteins that LI0666 interacts with will help to explore the molecular mechanisms of LI0666 in disease development.

Local charge transport at different interfaces in epoxy composites.

Charge transport in insulating composites is fundamental to designing high performance in electrical breakdown strength processes. A fundamental understanding of the charge transport at nanoscale in insulating composites remains elusive. Herein, we fabricate two types of interfaces in epoxy (EP) composites (Al2O3/EP and bubble/EP, respectively). Then the local dynamic charge mobility behavior and charge density are explored usingin situKelvin probe force microscopy. After the external voltage in the horizontal direction is applied, significant differences are demonstrated in the evolution of charge transport for epoxy matrix, filler/bubble, and their interface, respectively. The interface between Al2O3and epoxy is easier to accumulate the negative charges and introduce shallow traps. Lots of positive charges are located around a bubble where deeper traps are present and could prevent charge migration. Thus, this work offers extended experimental support to understanding the mechanism of charge transport in dielectric composites.

Posterior Mandibular Segmental Split Osteotomy: A Novel Technique for Edentulous Space Reconstruction in Patients With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion.

ABSTRACT: This study presents an innovative surgery that successfully improved the facial profile and occlusal function of a patient with a skeletal Class III malocclusion and posterior hypodontia. The patient had chief complaints of missing teeth and a protrudedjaw. A novel 1-stage surgery referred to as posterior mandibular segmental split osteotomy combined with Le Fort i osteotomy and BSSRO was used because the patient wanted to save time and was worried about periodontal complications associated with other treatment methods. As a result, a satisfying facial profile and a Class I occlusion with a normal position of the posterior dentoalveolar segment of the mandible were achieved with no adverse effects. Thus, posterior mandibular segmental split osteotomy can be considered an effective treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusion with posterior hypodontia.